The answer is...nobody really knows! Another trick question, I know. We're pretty sure that flying monkeys (c) do not cause cosmic rays, since no one has yet observed flying monkeys (although some string theorists predict their existence...well, not exactly). The sun (a) is responsible for a majority of the low energy cosmic rays, but it is very unlikely that the sun would have the energy needed to accelerate protons and nuclei to energies of 1020 eV. Supernova remnants (b) are the most likely candidates for producing high energy cosmic rays. Supernovas release a lot of energy and create magnetic fields capable of accelerating particles to high speeds. Other possible sources may be colliding galaxies (d), shown below, or black holes (e).
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